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Entry title:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Last updated on Tuesday, 21 July 2026 at 02:46pm

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that can weaken your immune system gradually over time so that you become vulnerable to infections. While there is no cure, HIV treatment is so effective that HIV is now a long term chronic illness with most people now living a near normal life expectancy; in addition people who are treated so that they achieve an undetectable viral load cannot pass on HIV to partners through sex.

You can live with HIV for many years before symptoms develop. This means HIV testing is important to ensure people receive treatment promptly.

People who are diagnosed late have been living with an undiagnosed HIV infection for around three to five years. People who are diagnosed late also have a ten fold risk of death within a year of diagnosis compared to those diagnosed promptly. Identifying areas and populations with high levels of late HIV diagnosis is vital to improve access to HIV testing.

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New HIV diagnoses

New HIV diagnoses

Total number of new HIV diagnoses. Figures are annual, but shown as at December of each year. For example, the figures for 2022 are shown as at "Dec 2022".

Up to and including 31 Dec 2024

ChartThere is only 1 plot on this chart. The horizontal X-axis is labelled 'date'. Whilst the vertical Y-axis is labelled 'metric'. This is a dark blue solid line plot. This plot shows data for HIV. Specifically the metric 'HIV_cases_newDiagnoses' for the England area, along with the age banding of 'all' for the gender group of all. This plot shows data from 31 December 2015 to 31 December 2024. It fell from 4506.0 on 31 December 2015 to 3825.0 on 31 December 2016. It fell from 3299.0 on 31 December 2017 to 3183.0 on 31 December 2018. It fell from 2823.0 on 31 December 2019 to 2240.0 on 31 December 2020. It rose from 2280.0 on 31 December 2021 to 2493.0 on 31 December 2022. The date fluctuates between 2838.0 on 31 December 2023, ending with the same value on 31 December 2023. And finally. The date fluctuates between 2773.0 on 31 December 2024, ending with the same value on 31 December 2024. There is no reporting delay period being tracked for the data on this chart. - Refer to tabular data.
Tabular data

New HIV diagnoses data for total number of new HIV diagnoses. Figures are annual, but shown as at December of each year. For example, the figures for 2022 are shown as at "Dec 2022".

Up to and including 31 December 2024

Date Number of new diagnoses
31 Dec 20242,773.00
31 Dec 20232,838.00
31 Dec 20222,493.00
31 Dec 20212,280.00
31 Dec 20202,240.00
31 Dec 20192,823.00
31 Dec 20183,183.00
31 Dec 20173,299.00
31 Dec 20163,825.00
31 Dec 20154,506.00
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New HIV diagnoses (rate)

Total number of new HIV diagnoses. Figures are annual, but shown as at December of each year. For example, the figures for 2022 are shown as at "Dec 2022".

Up to and including 31 Dec 2024

ChartThere is only 1 plot on this chart. The horizontal X-axis is labelled 'date'. Whilst the vertical Y-axis is labelled 'metric'. This is a dark blue solid line plot. This plot shows data for HIV. Specifically the metric 'HIV_cases_newDiagnosesRate' for the England area, along with the age banding of 'all' for the gender group of all. This plot shows data from 31 December 2015 to 31 December 2024. It fell from 8.22 on 31 December 2015 to 6.92 on 31 December 2016. It fell from 5.93 on 31 December 2017 to 5.69 on 31 December 2018. It fell from 5.02 on 31 December 2019 to 3.96 on 31 December 2020. It rose from 4.03 on 31 December 2021 to 4.37 on 31 December 2022. The date fluctuates between 4.92 on 31 December 2023, ending with the same value on 31 December 2023. And finally. The date fluctuates between 4.73 on 31 December 2024, ending with the same value on 31 December 2024. There is no reporting delay period being tracked for the data on this chart. - Refer to tabular data.
Tabular data

New HIV diagnoses (rate) data for total number of new HIV diagnoses. Figures are annual, but shown as at December of each year. For example, the figures for 2022 are shown as at "Dec 2022".

Up to and including 31 December 2024

Date Rate per 100k population
31 Dec 20244.73
31 Dec 20234.92
31 Dec 20224.37
31 Dec 20214.03
31 Dec 20203.96
31 Dec 20195.02
31 Dec 20185.69
31 Dec 20175.93
31 Dec 20166.92
31 Dec 20158.22
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New HIV diagnoses (by population group)

Count of new HIV diagnoses by population group. Figures are annual, but shown as at December of each year. For example, the figures for 2022 are shown as at "Dec 2022".

Up to and including 31 Dec 2024

ChartThere are 5 plots on this chart. The horizontal X-axis is labelled 'date'. Whilst the vertical Y-axis is labelled 'metric'. This is plot number 1 on this chart. This is a dark blue solid line plot. The plot has a label of 'Ethnic minority gay and bisexual men'. This plot shows data for HIV. Specifically the metric 'HIV_cases_newDiagnoses' for the England area, along with the age banding of 'all' for the gender group of all. This plot shows data from 31 December 2020 to 31 December 2024. The date fluctuates between 194.0 on 31 December 2020, ending with the same value on 31 December 2020. The date fluctuates between 225.0 on 31 December 2021, ending with the same value on 31 December 2021. The date fluctuates between 244.0 on 31 December 2022, ending with the same value on 31 December 2022. The date fluctuates between 290.0 on 31 December 2023, ending with the same value on 31 December 2023. The date fluctuates between 285.0 on 31 December 2024, ending with the same value on 31 December 2024. This is plot number 2 on this chart. This is a turquoise solid line plot. The plot has a label of 'White gay and bisexual men'. This plot shows data for HIV. Specifically the metric 'HIV_cases_newDiagnoses' for the England area, along with the age banding of 'all' for the gender group of all. This plot shows data from 31 December 2020 to 31 December 2024. The date fluctuates between 517.0 on 31 December 2020, ending with the same value on 31 December 2020. The date fluctuates between 532.0 on 31 December 2021, ending with the same value on 31 December 2021. The date fluctuates between 455.0 on 31 December 2022, ending with the same value on 31 December 2022. The date fluctuates between 488.0 on 31 December 2023, ending with the same value on 31 December 2023. The date fluctuates between 461.0 on 31 December 2024, ending with the same value on 31 December 2024. This is plot number 3 on this chart. This is a dark pink solid line plot. The plot has a label of 'Black African heterosexual men'. This plot shows data for HIV. Specifically the metric 'HIV_cases_newDiagnoses' for the England area, along with the age banding of 'all' for the gender group of all. This plot shows data from 31 December 2020 to 31 December 2024. The date fluctuates between 109.0 on 31 December 2020, ending with the same value on 31 December 2020. The date fluctuates between 128.0 on 31 December 2021, ending with the same value on 31 December 2021. The date fluctuates between 143.0 on 31 December 2022, ending with the same value on 31 December 2022. The date fluctuates between 231.0 on 31 December 2023, ending with the same value on 31 December 2023. The date fluctuates between 265.0 on 31 December 2024, ending with the same value on 31 December 2024. This is plot number 4 on this chart. This is a orange solid line plot. The plot has a label of 'Black African heterosexual women'. This plot shows data for HIV. Specifically the metric 'HIV_cases_newDiagnoses' for the England area, along with the age banding of 'all' for the gender group of all. This plot shows data from 31 December 2020 to 31 December 2024. The date fluctuates between 181.0 on 31 December 2020, ending with the same value on 31 December 2020. The date fluctuates between 204.0 on 31 December 2021, ending with the same value on 31 December 2021. The date fluctuates between 273.0 on 31 December 2022, ending with the same value on 31 December 2022. The date fluctuates between 441.0 on 31 December 2023, ending with the same value on 31 December 2023. The date fluctuates between 418.0 on 31 December 2024, ending with the same value on 31 December 2024. This is plot number 5 on this chart. This is a dark grey solid line plot. The plot has a label of 'Other ethnic minority heterosexuals'. This plot shows data for HIV. Specifically the metric 'HIV_cases_newDiagnoses' for the England area, along with the age banding of 'all' for the gender group of all. This plot shows data from 31 December 2020 to 31 December 2024. The date fluctuates between 172.0 on 31 December 2020, ending with the same value on 31 December 2020. The date fluctuates between 184.0 on 31 December 2021, ending with the same value on 31 December 2021. The date fluctuates between 245.0 on 31 December 2022, ending with the same value on 31 December 2022. The date fluctuates between 264.0 on 31 December 2023, ending with the same value on 31 December 2023. The date fluctuates between 277.0 on 31 December 2024, ending with the same value on 31 December 2024. There is no reporting delay period being tracked for the data on this chart. - Refer to tabular data.
Tabular data

New HIV diagnoses (by population group) data for count of new HIV diagnoses by population group. Figures are annual, but shown as at December of each year. For example, the figures for 2022 are shown as at "Dec 2022".

Up to and including 31 December 2024

Date Ethnic minority gay and bisexual men White gay and bisexual men
31 Dec 2024285.00461.00
31 Dec 2023290.00488.00
31 Dec 2022244.00455.00
31 Dec 2021225.00532.00
31 Dec 2020194.00517.00
Date Black African heterosexual men Black African heterosexual women
31 Dec 2024265.00418.00
31 Dec 2023231.00441.00
31 Dec 2022143.00273.00
31 Dec 2021128.00204.00
31 Dec 2020109.00181.00
Date Other ethnic minority heterosexuals
31 Dec 2024277.00
31 Dec 2023264.00
31 Dec 2022245.00
31 Dec 2021184.00
31 Dec 2020172.00
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Late diagnoses

Late diagnoses (count)

Number of late HIV diagnoses by population group. Figures are annual, but shown as at December of each year. For example, the figures for 2022 are shown as at "Dec 2022".

Up to and including 31 Dec 2024

ChartThere are 5 plots on this chart. The horizontal X-axis is labelled 'date'. Whilst the vertical Y-axis is labelled 'metric'. This is plot number 1 on this chart. This is a dark blue solid line plot. The plot has a label of 'Ethnic minority gay and bisexual men'. This plot shows data for HIV. Specifically the metric 'HIV_cases_lateDiagnosesCount' for the England area, along with the age banding of 'all' for the gender group of all. This plot shows data from 31 December 2020 to 31 December 2024. The date fluctuates between 31.0 on 31 December 2020, ending with the same value on 31 December 2020. The date fluctuates between 60.0 on 31 December 2021, ending with the same value on 31 December 2021. The date fluctuates between 84.0 on 31 December 2022, ending with the same value on 31 December 2022. The date fluctuates between 76.0 on 31 December 2023, ending with the same value on 31 December 2023. The date fluctuates between 66.0 on 31 December 2024, ending with the same value on 31 December 2024. This is plot number 2 on this chart. This is a turquoise solid line plot. The plot has a label of 'White gay and bisexual men'. This plot shows data for HIV. Specifically the metric 'HIV_cases_lateDiagnosesCount' for the England area, along with the age banding of 'all' for the gender group of all. This plot shows data from 31 December 2020 to 31 December 2024. The date fluctuates between 140.0 on 31 December 2020, ending with the same value on 31 December 2020. The date fluctuates between 149.0 on 31 December 2021, ending with the same value on 31 December 2021. The date fluctuates between 136.0 on 31 December 2022, ending with the same value on 31 December 2022. The date fluctuates between 133.0 on 31 December 2023, ending with the same value on 31 December 2023. The date fluctuates between 124.0 on 31 December 2024, ending with the same value on 31 December 2024. This is plot number 3 on this chart. This is a dark pink solid line plot. The plot has a label of 'Black African heterosexual men'. This plot shows data for HIV. Specifically the metric 'HIV_cases_lateDiagnosesCount' for the England area, along with the age banding of 'all' for the gender group of all. This plot shows data from 31 December 2020 to 31 December 2024. The date fluctuates between 51.0 on 31 December 2020, ending with the same value on 31 December 2020. The date fluctuates between 70.0 on 31 December 2021, ending with the same value on 31 December 2021. The date fluctuates between 68.0 on 31 December 2022, ending with the same value on 31 December 2022. The date fluctuates between 106.0 on 31 December 2023, ending with the same value on 31 December 2023. The date fluctuates between 128.0 on 31 December 2024, ending with the same value on 31 December 2024. This is plot number 4 on this chart. This is a orange solid line plot. The plot has a label of 'Black African heterosexual women'. This plot shows data for HIV. Specifically the metric 'HIV_cases_lateDiagnosesCount' for the England area, along with the age banding of 'all' for the gender group of all. This plot shows data from 31 December 2020 to 31 December 2024. The date fluctuates between 89.0 on 31 December 2020, ending with the same value on 31 December 2020. The date fluctuates between 85.0 on 31 December 2021, ending with the same value on 31 December 2021. The date fluctuates between 118.0 on 31 December 2022, ending with the same value on 31 December 2022. The date fluctuates between 174.0 on 31 December 2023, ending with the same value on 31 December 2023. The date fluctuates between 157.0 on 31 December 2024, ending with the same value on 31 December 2024. This is plot number 5 on this chart. This is a dark grey solid line plot. The plot has a label of 'Other ethnic minority heterosexuals'. This plot shows data for HIV. Specifically the metric 'HIV_cases_lateDiagnosesCount' for the England area, along with the age banding of 'all' for the gender group of all. This plot shows data from 31 December 2020 to 31 December 2024. The date fluctuates between 69.0 on 31 December 2020, ending with the same value on 31 December 2020. The date fluctuates between 73.0 on 31 December 2021, ending with the same value on 31 December 2021. The date fluctuates between 123.0 on 31 December 2022, ending with the same value on 31 December 2022. The date fluctuates between 104.0 on 31 December 2023, ending with the same value on 31 December 2023. The date fluctuates between 115.0 on 31 December 2024, ending with the same value on 31 December 2024. There is no reporting delay period being tracked for the data on this chart. - Refer to tabular data.
Tabular data

Late diagnoses (count) data for number of late HIV diagnoses by population group. Figures are annual, but shown as at December of each year. For example, the figures for 2022 are shown as at "Dec 2022".

Up to and including 31 December 2024

Date Ethnic minority gay and bisexual men White gay and bisexual men
31 Dec 202466.00124.00
31 Dec 202376.00133.00
31 Dec 202284.00136.00
31 Dec 202160.00149.00
31 Dec 202031.00140.00
Date Black African heterosexual men Black African heterosexual women
31 Dec 2024128.00157.00
31 Dec 2023106.00174.00
31 Dec 202268.00118.00
31 Dec 202170.0085.00
31 Dec 202051.0089.00
Date Other ethnic minority heterosexuals
31 Dec 2024115.00
31 Dec 2023104.00
31 Dec 2022123.00
31 Dec 202173.00
31 Dec 202069.00
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About

A late HIV diagnosis is defined as having a CD4 count below 350 cells per cubic millimetre of blood within 91 days of diagnosis and no evidence of a recent infection. A CD4 count below 350 indicates the immune system has already been significantly weakened. It suggests the person likely lived with untreated HIV for several years before diagnosis.

Late diagnoses (proportion)

Proportion of late HIV diagnoses by population group. Figures are annual, but shown as at December of each year. For example, the figures for 2022 are shown as at "Dec 2022".

Up to and including 31 Dec 2024

ChartThere are 5 plots on this chart. The horizontal X-axis is labelled 'date'. Whilst the vertical Y-axis is labelled 'metric'. This is plot number 1 on this chart. This is a dark blue solid line plot. The plot has a label of 'Ethnic minority gay and bisexual men'. This plot shows data for HIV. Specifically the metric 'HIV_cases_lateDiagnosesProportion' for the England area, along with the age banding of 'all' for the gender group of all. This plot shows data from 31 December 2020 to 31 December 2024. The date fluctuates between 22.0 on 31 December 2020, ending with the same value on 31 December 2020. The date fluctuates between 34.0 on 31 December 2021, ending with the same value on 31 December 2021. The date fluctuates between 42.0 on 31 December 2022, ending with the same value on 31 December 2022. The date fluctuates between 31.0 on 31 December 2023, ending with the same value on 31 December 2023. The date fluctuates between 26.0 on 31 December 2024, ending with the same value on 31 December 2024. This is plot number 2 on this chart. This is a turquoise solid line plot. The plot has a label of 'White gay and bisexual men'. This plot shows data for HIV. Specifically the metric 'HIV_cases_lateDiagnosesProportion' for the England area, along with the age banding of 'all' for the gender group of all. This plot shows data from 31 December 2020 to 31 December 2024. The date fluctuates between 32.0 on 31 December 2020, ending with the same value on 31 December 2020. The date fluctuates between 36.0 on 31 December 2021, ending with the same value on 31 December 2021. The date fluctuates between 36.0 on 31 December 2022, ending with the same value on 31 December 2022. The date fluctuates between 30.0 on 31 December 2023, ending with the same value on 31 December 2023. The date fluctuates between 32.0 on 31 December 2024, ending with the same value on 31 December 2024. This is plot number 3 on this chart. This is a dark pink solid line plot. The plot has a label of 'Black African heterosexual men'. This plot shows data for HIV. Specifically the metric 'HIV_cases_lateDiagnosesProportion' for the England area, along with the age banding of 'all' for the gender group of all. This plot shows data from 31 December 2020 to 31 December 2024. The date fluctuates between 61.0 on 31 December 2020, ending with the same value on 31 December 2020. The date fluctuates between 71.0 on 31 December 2021, ending with the same value on 31 December 2021. The date fluctuates between 57.0 on 31 December 2022, ending with the same value on 31 December 2022. The date fluctuates between 54.0 on 31 December 2023, ending with the same value on 31 December 2023. The date fluctuates between 57.0 on 31 December 2024, ending with the same value on 31 December 2024. This is plot number 4 on this chart. This is a orange solid line plot. The plot has a label of 'Black African heterosexual women'. This plot shows data for HIV. Specifically the metric 'HIV_cases_lateDiagnosesProportion' for the England area, along with the age banding of 'all' for the gender group of all. This plot shows data from 31 December 2020 to 31 December 2024. The date fluctuates between 60.0 on 31 December 2020, ending with the same value on 31 December 2020. The date fluctuates between 57.0 on 31 December 2021, ending with the same value on 31 December 2021. The date fluctuates between 53.0 on 31 December 2022, ending with the same value on 31 December 2022. The date fluctuates between 48.0 on 31 December 2023, ending with the same value on 31 December 2023. The date fluctuates between 45.0 on 31 December 2024, ending with the same value on 31 December 2024. This is plot number 5 on this chart. This is a dark grey solid line plot. The plot has a label of 'Other ethnic minority heterosexuals'. This plot shows data for HIV. Specifically the metric 'HIV_cases_lateDiagnosesProportion' for the England area, along with the age banding of 'all' for the gender group of all. This plot shows data from 31 December 2020 to 31 December 2024. The date fluctuates between 52.0 on 31 December 2020, ending with the same value on 31 December 2020. The date fluctuates between 49.0 on 31 December 2021, ending with the same value on 31 December 2021. The date fluctuates between 59.0 on 31 December 2022, ending with the same value on 31 December 2022. The date fluctuates between 47.0 on 31 December 2023, ending with the same value on 31 December 2023. The date fluctuates between 49.0 on 31 December 2024, ending with the same value on 31 December 2024. There is no reporting delay period being tracked for the data on this chart. - Refer to tabular data.
Tabular data

Late diagnoses (proportion) data for proportion of late HIV diagnoses by population group. Figures are annual, but shown as at December of each year. For example, the figures for 2022 are shown as at "Dec 2022".

Up to and including 31 December 2024

Date Ethnic minority gay and bisexual men White gay and bisexual men
31 Dec 202426.0032.00
31 Dec 202331.0030.00
31 Dec 202242.0036.00
31 Dec 202134.0036.00
31 Dec 202022.0032.00
Date Black African heterosexual men Black African heterosexual women
31 Dec 202457.0045.00
31 Dec 202354.0048.00
31 Dec 202257.0053.00
31 Dec 202171.0057.00
31 Dec 202061.0060.00
Date Other ethnic minority heterosexuals
31 Dec 202449.00
31 Dec 202347.00
31 Dec 202259.00
31 Dec 202149.00
31 Dec 202052.00
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About

A late HIV diagnosis is defined as having a CD4 count below 350 cells per cubic millimetre of blood within 91 days of diagnosis and no evidence of a recent infection. A CD4 count below 350 indicates the immune system has already been significantly weakened. It suggests the person likely lived with untreated HIV for several years before diagnosis.