BetaThis is a new service - your feedback will help us to improve it.
Entry title:
Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae)
Last updated on Thursday, 10 July 2025 at 10:51am
This page provides information on resistance to antimicrobials in Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia (bacteria found in blood specimens). Data breakdowns are available for England and by UKHSA Region.
Antibiotics are grouped based on the UK-AWaRe classification. These are:
Access Access antibiotics are with a narrow spectrum of activity, fewer side effects, lower costs, and importantly lower resistance potential. These are first or second choice antibiotics recommended for empiric treatment of the most common infections and should be widely available. That is to say, these antibiotics should offer the best therapeutic value while minimizing the potential for resistance.
Watch Watch antibiotics have a higher resistance potential and are broader-spectrum antibiotics. These are first or second choice antibiotics indicated for a limited number of infective syndromes. As these antibiotics are considered to have a higher potential for selection of AMR, their use should be carefully monitored.
Reserve Reserve antibiotics are “last resort” antibiotics, including new antibiotics. These are used for highly selected patients (life-threatening infections due to multi-drug-resistant bacteria) and are closely monitored and prioritized as targets of stewardship programmes to ensure continued effectiveness.
Resistance
Rolling monthly average percent of S. pneumoniae bacteraemia resistant to macrolides and penicillin. Monthly figures are shown as the first day of each month. For example, the figures for January 2022 are shown as at "1 Jan 2022".
Resistance data for rolling monthly average percent of S. pneumoniae bacteraemia resistant to macrolides and penicillin. Monthly figures are shown as the first day of each month. For example, the figures for January 2022 are shown as at "1 Jan 2022".
Up to and including 1 March 2025
Month
Macrolides (Watch)
Penicillin (Access)
1 Mar 2025
7.99
2.17
1 Feb 2025
7.71
2.13
1 Jan 2025
8.46
2.22
1 Dec 2024
8.46
2.10
1 Nov 2024
8.32
1.75
1 Oct 2024
7.78
1.30
1 Sep 2024
7.33
2.46
1 Aug 2024
8.14
2.56
1 Jul 2024
7.56
3.82
1 Jun 2024
7.16
3.81
1 May 2024
6.94
3.73
1 Apr 2024
7.53
2.76
1 Mar 2024
7.52
2.75
1 Feb 2024
7.25
2.31
1 Jan 2024
6.44
2.10
1 Dec 2023
6.84
1.42
1 Nov 2023
7.41
1.36
1 Oct 2023
7.54
1.19
1 Sep 2023
6.04
2.18
1 Aug 2023
5.03
2.42
1 Jul 2023
4.81
2.36
1 Jun 2023
6.29
2.13
1 May 2023
7.32
1.72
1 Apr 2023
7.92
1.75
1 Mar 2023
7.58
1.40
1 Feb 2023
5.81
1.43
1 Jan 2023
5.60
1.72
1 Dec 2022
5.44
2.36
1 Nov 2022
6.83
3.13
1 Oct 2022
6.91
2.72
1 Sep 2022
5.61
0.68
1 Aug 2022
6.28
0.97
1 Jul 2022
5.32
1.35
1 Jun 2022
4.72
1.42
1 May 2022
3.72
1.26
1 Apr 2022
4.56
1.02
1 Mar 2022
5.52
1.20
1 Feb 2022
6.27
1.97
1 Jan 2022
6.36
1.74
1 Dec 2021
7.27
2.26
1 Nov 2021
7.66
1.97
1 Oct 2021
7.19
1.91
1 Sep 2021
5.66
1.33
1 Aug 2021
6.18
1.72
1 Jul 2021
6.38
2.36
1 Jun 2021
7.47
2.38
1 May 2021
6.87
2.35
1 Apr 2021
8.23
2.58
1 Mar 2021
10.19
2.54
1 Feb 2021
10.20
3.06
1 Jan 2021
10.18
3.00
1 Dec 2020
7.76
2.88
1 Nov 2020
7.89
3.03
1 Oct 2020
8.54
2.96
1 Sep 2020
10.08
4.11
1 Aug 2020
11.04
3.92
1 Jul 2020
8.92
3.38
1 Jun 2020
10.11
3.37
1 May 2020
7.79
2.41
1 Apr 2020
6.35
2.51
Download
About
Source: AMR module of Second Generation Surveillance System (SGSS). SGSS is a live reporting database, and therefore data is subject to change.
Note 1: The chart shows a three-month rolling average, so the data shown for one month is the average across that month and the previous two months.
Note 2: Interpreting national antibiotic resistance surveillance trends spanning European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical breakpoint transition periods requires additional consideration to avoid misinterpretation of data.
Rolling monthly average number of S. pneumoniae bacteraemia tested for resistance to macrolides. Monthly figures are shown as the first day of each month. For example, the figures for January 2022 are shown as at "1 Jan 2022".
Testing data for rolling monthly average number of S. pneumoniae bacteraemia tested for resistance to macrolides. Monthly figures are shown as the first day of each month. For example, the figures for January 2022 are shown as at "1 Jan 2022".
Up to and including 1 March 2025
Month
Number tested
1 Mar 2025
475.67
1 Feb 2025
575.00
1 Jan 2025
563.67
1 Dec 2024
492.33
1 Nov 2024
308.67
1 Oct 2024
227.00
1 Sep 2024
182.00
1 Aug 2024
213.00
1 Jul 2024
273.33
1 Jun 2024
321.33
1 May 2024
369.67
1 Apr 2024
420.67
1 Mar 2024
461.00
1 Feb 2024
519.33
1 Jan 2024
476.00
1 Dec 2023
424.00
1 Nov 2023
279.00
1 Oct 2023
207.67
1 Sep 2023
160.00
1 Aug 2023
192.33
1 Jul 2023
242.67
1 Jun 2023
302.00
1 May 2023
359.67
1 Apr 2023
395.67
1 Mar 2023
417.67
1 Feb 2023
510.67
1 Jan 2023
487.67
1 Dec 2022
447.33
1 Nov 2022
263.67
1 Oct 2022
197.67
1 Sep 2022
160.33
1 Aug 2022
185.67
1 Jul 2022
213.00
1 Jun 2022
247.33
1 May 2022
250.67
1 Apr 2022
241.00
1 Mar 2022
205.33
1 Feb 2022
239.33
1 Jan 2022
272.33
1 Dec 2021
307.00
1 Nov 2021
239.33
1 Oct 2021
190.00
1 Sep 2021
141.33
1 Aug 2021
151.00
1 Jul 2021
156.67
1 Jun 2021
151.67
1 May 2021
121.33
1 Apr 2021
81.00
1 Mar 2021
68.67
1 Feb 2021
81.67
1 Jan 2021
95.00
1 Dec 2020
111.67
1 Nov 2020
118.33
1 Oct 2020
109.33
1 Sep 2020
79.33
1 Aug 2020
54.33
1 Jul 2020
52.33
1 Jun 2020
62.67
1 May 2020
132.67
1 Apr 2020
257.33
Download
About
Source: AMR module of Second Generation Surveillance System (SGSS). SGSS is a live reporting database, and therefore data is subject to change.
Note 1: The chart shows a three-month rolling average, so the data shown for one month is the average across that month and the previous two months.
Note 2: Interpreting national antibiotic resistance surveillance trends spanning European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical breakpoint transition periods requires additional consideration to avoid misinterpretation of data.
Rolling monthly average percent of S. pneumoniae bacteraemia tested for resistance to macrolides. Monthly figures are shown as the first day of each month. For example, the figures for January 2022 are shown as at "1 Jan 2022".
Testing data for rolling monthly average percent of S. pneumoniae bacteraemia tested for resistance to macrolides. Monthly figures are shown as the first day of each month. For example, the figures for January 2022 are shown as at "1 Jan 2022".
Up to and including 1 March 2025
Month
% tested
1 Mar 2025
91.70
1 Feb 2025
91.85
1 Jan 2025
91.84
1 Dec 2024
91.62
1 Nov 2024
91.12
1 Oct 2024
91.90
1 Sep 2024
91.46
1 Aug 2024
91.42
1 Jul 2024
91.61
1 Jun 2024
91.45
1 May 2024
92.25
1 Apr 2024
92.11
1 Mar 2024
93.13
1 Feb 2024
93.35
1 Jan 2024
92.61
1 Dec 2023
92.37
1 Nov 2023
91.48
1 Oct 2023
92.00
1 Sep 2023
90.91
1 Aug 2023
91.43
1 Jul 2023
92.02
1 Jun 2023
93.50
1 May 2023
94.23
1 Apr 2023
94.27
1 Mar 2023
94.99
1 Feb 2023
94.80
1 Jan 2023
95.12
1 Dec 2022
94.50
1 Nov 2022
94.27
1 Oct 2022
93.81
1 Sep 2022
94.67
1 Aug 2022
95.36
1 Jul 2022
95.09
1 Jun 2022
94.64
1 May 2022
93.98
1 Apr 2022
94.88
1 Mar 2022
94.47
1 Feb 2022
95.60
1 Jan 2022
95.10
1 Dec 2021
95.64
1 Nov 2021
95.60
1 Oct 2021
95.48
1 Sep 2021
94.63
1 Aug 2021
94.38
1 Jul 2021
93.98
1 Jun 2021
94.38
1 May 2021
95.28
1 Apr 2021
96.43
1 Mar 2021
94.44
1 Feb 2021
94.19
1 Jan 2021
95.96
1 Dec 2020
96.52
1 Nov 2020
97.52
1 Oct 2020
97.32
1 Sep 2020
97.53
1 Aug 2020
96.43
1 Jul 2020
98.11
1 Jun 2020
96.88
1 May 2020
95.65
1 Apr 2020
93.80
Download
About
Source: AMR module of Second Generation Surveillance System (SGSS). SGSS is a live reporting database, and therefore data is subject to change.
Note 1: The chart shows a three-month rolling average, so the data shown for one month is the average across that month and the previous two months.
Note 2: Interpreting national antibiotic resistance surveillance trends spanning European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical breakpoint transition periods requires additional consideration to avoid misinterpretation of data.
Rolling monthly average percent of S. pneumoniae bacteraemia resistant to macrolides. Monthly figures are shown as the first day of each month. For example, the figures for January 2022 are shown as at "1 Jan 2022".
Resistance data for rolling monthly average percent of S. pneumoniae bacteraemia resistant to macrolides. Monthly figures are shown as the first day of each month. For example, the figures for January 2022 are shown as at "1 Jan 2022".
Up to and including 1 March 2025
Month
% resistant
1 Mar 2025
7.99
1 Feb 2025
7.71
1 Jan 2025
8.46
1 Dec 2024
8.46
1 Nov 2024
8.32
1 Oct 2024
7.78
1 Sep 2024
7.33
1 Aug 2024
8.14
1 Jul 2024
7.56
1 Jun 2024
7.16
1 May 2024
6.94
1 Apr 2024
7.53
1 Mar 2024
7.52
1 Feb 2024
7.25
1 Jan 2024
6.44
1 Dec 2023
6.84
1 Nov 2023
7.41
1 Oct 2023
7.54
1 Sep 2023
6.04
1 Aug 2023
5.03
1 Jul 2023
4.81
1 Jun 2023
6.29
1 May 2023
7.32
1 Apr 2023
7.92
1 Mar 2023
7.58
1 Feb 2023
5.81
1 Jan 2023
5.60
1 Dec 2022
5.44
1 Nov 2022
6.83
1 Oct 2022
6.91
1 Sep 2022
5.61
1 Aug 2022
6.28
1 Jul 2022
5.32
1 Jun 2022
4.72
1 May 2022
3.72
1 Apr 2022
4.56
1 Mar 2022
5.52
1 Feb 2022
6.27
1 Jan 2022
6.36
1 Dec 2021
7.27
1 Nov 2021
7.66
1 Oct 2021
7.19
1 Sep 2021
5.66
1 Aug 2021
6.18
1 Jul 2021
6.38
1 Jun 2021
7.47
1 May 2021
6.87
1 Apr 2021
8.23
1 Mar 2021
10.19
1 Feb 2021
10.20
1 Jan 2021
10.18
1 Dec 2020
7.76
1 Nov 2020
7.89
1 Oct 2020
8.54
1 Sep 2020
10.08
1 Aug 2020
11.04
1 Jul 2020
8.92
1 Jun 2020
10.11
1 May 2020
7.79
1 Apr 2020
6.35
Download
About
Source: AMR module of Second Generation Surveillance System (SGSS). SGSS is a live reporting database, and therefore data is subject to change.
Note 1: The chart shows a three-month rolling average, so the data shown for one month is the average across that month and the previous two months.
Note 2: Interpreting national antibiotic resistance surveillance trends spanning European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical breakpoint transition periods requires additional consideration to avoid misinterpretation of data.
Rolling monthly average number of S. pneumoniae bacteraemia tested for resistance to penicillin. Monthly figures are shown as the first day of each month. For example, the figures for January 2022 are shown as at "1 Jan 2022".
Testing data for rolling monthly average number of S. pneumoniae bacteraemia tested for resistance to penicillin. Monthly figures are shown as the first day of each month. For example, the figures for January 2022 are shown as at "1 Jan 2022".
Up to and including 1 March 2025
Month
Number tested
1 Mar 2025
430.33
1 Feb 2025
531.67
1 Jan 2025
525.33
1 Dec 2024
459.33
1 Nov 2024
286.00
1 Oct 2024
205.00
1 Sep 2024
162.67
1 Aug 2024
195.67
1 Jul 2024
253.33
1 Jun 2024
297.33
1 May 2024
339.67
1 Apr 2024
386.67
1 Mar 2024
424.67
1 Feb 2024
476.00
1 Jan 2024
445.33
1 Dec 2023
398.00
1 Nov 2023
269.00
1 Oct 2023
196.67
1 Sep 2023
152.67
1 Aug 2023
179.33
1 Jul 2023
226.00
1 Jun 2023
281.33
1 May 2023
329.67
1 Apr 2023
361.33
1 Mar 2023
382.00
1 Feb 2023
467.67
1 Jan 2023
446.00
1 Dec 2022
409.67
1 Nov 2022
244.67
1 Oct 2022
184.00
1 Sep 2022
146.33
1 Aug 2022
171.00
1 Jul 2022
197.33
1 Jun 2022
234.00
1 May 2022
238.67
1 Apr 2022
229.33
1 Mar 2022
194.67
1 Feb 2022
219.67
1 Jan 2022
248.67
1 Dec 2021
280.00
1 Nov 2021
220.33
1 Oct 2021
174.33
1 Sep 2021
125.67
1 Aug 2021
136.00
1 Jul 2021
141.00
1 Jun 2021
140.33
1 May 2021
113.33
1 Apr 2021
77.67
1 Mar 2021
65.67
1 Feb 2021
76.33
1 Jan 2021
89.00
1 Dec 2020
104.00
1 Nov 2020
110.00
1 Oct 2020
101.33
1 Sep 2020
73.00
1 Aug 2020
51.00
1 Jul 2020
49.33
1 Jun 2020
59.33
1 May 2020
124.67
1 Apr 2020
252.33
Download
About
Source: AMR module of Second Generation Surveillance System (SGSS). SGSS is a live reporting database, and therefore data is subject to change.
Note 1: The chart shows a three-month rolling average, so the data shown for one month is the average across that month and the previous two months.
Note 2: Interpreting national antibiotic resistance surveillance trends spanning European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical breakpoint transition periods requires additional consideration to avoid misinterpretation of data.
Rolling monthly average percent of S. pneumoniae bacteraemia tested for resistance to penicillin. Monthly figures are shown as the first day of each month. For example, the figures for January 2022 are shown as at "1 Jan 2022".
Testing data for rolling monthly average percent of S. pneumoniae bacteraemia tested for resistance to penicillin. Monthly figures are shown as the first day of each month. For example, the figures for January 2022 are shown as at "1 Jan 2022".
Up to and including 1 March 2025
Month
% tested
1 Mar 2025
83.01
1 Feb 2025
84.82
1 Jan 2025
85.64
1 Dec 2024
85.47
1 Nov 2024
84.62
1 Oct 2024
83.00
1 Sep 2024
81.41
1 Aug 2024
83.69
1 Jul 2024
84.90
1 Jun 2024
84.62
1 May 2024
84.75
1 Apr 2024
84.65
1 Mar 2024
85.66
1 Feb 2024
85.61
1 Jan 2024
86.58
1 Dec 2023
86.71
1 Nov 2023
88.20
1 Oct 2023
87.11
1 Sep 2023
86.36
1 Aug 2023
85.24
1 Jul 2023
85.93
1 Jun 2023
87.00
1 May 2023
86.35
1 Apr 2023
86.16
1 Mar 2023
87.02
1 Feb 2023
86.80
1 Jan 2023
87.11
1 Dec 2022
86.47
1 Nov 2022
87.46
1 Oct 2022
87.62
1 Sep 2022
86.39
1 Aug 2022
88.14
1 Jul 2022
87.95
1 Jun 2022
89.66
1 May 2022
89.47
1 Apr 2022
90.16
1 Mar 2022
89.40
1 Feb 2022
87.60
1 Jan 2022
86.71
1 Dec 2021
87.23
1 Nov 2021
88.00
1 Oct 2021
87.44
1 Sep 2021
83.89
1 Aug 2021
85.00
1 Jul 2021
84.94
1 Jun 2021
87.50
1 May 2021
88.98
1 Apr 2021
91.67
1 Mar 2021
90.28
1 Feb 2021
88.37
1 Jan 2021
89.90
1 Dec 2020
90.43
1 Nov 2020
90.91
1 Oct 2020
90.18
1 Sep 2020
90.12
1 Aug 2020
91.07
1 Jul 2020
92.45
1 Jun 2020
92.19
1 May 2020
89.86
1 Apr 2020
91.97
Download
About
Source: AMR module of Second Generation Surveillance System (SGSS). SGSS is a live reporting database, and therefore data is subject to change.
Note 1: The chart shows a three-month rolling average, so the data shown for one month is the average across that month and the previous two months.
Note 2: Interpreting national antibiotic resistance surveillance trends spanning European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical breakpoint transition periods requires additional consideration to avoid misinterpretation of data.
Rolling monthly average percent of S. pneumoniae bacteraemia resistant to penicillin. Monthly figures are shown as the first day of each month. For example, the figures for January 2022 are shown as at "1 Jan 2022".
Resistance data for rolling monthly average percent of S. pneumoniae bacteraemia resistant to penicillin. Monthly figures are shown as the first day of each month. For example, the figures for January 2022 are shown as at "1 Jan 2022".
Up to and including 1 March 2025
Month
% resistant
1 Mar 2025
2.17
1 Feb 2025
2.13
1 Jan 2025
2.22
1 Dec 2024
2.10
1 Nov 2024
1.75
1 Oct 2024
1.30
1 Sep 2024
2.46
1 Aug 2024
2.56
1 Jul 2024
3.82
1 Jun 2024
3.81
1 May 2024
3.73
1 Apr 2024
2.76
1 Mar 2024
2.75
1 Feb 2024
2.31
1 Jan 2024
2.10
1 Dec 2023
1.42
1 Nov 2023
1.36
1 Oct 2023
1.19
1 Sep 2023
2.18
1 Aug 2023
2.42
1 Jul 2023
2.36
1 Jun 2023
2.13
1 May 2023
1.72
1 Apr 2023
1.75
1 Mar 2023
1.40
1 Feb 2023
1.43
1 Jan 2023
1.72
1 Dec 2022
2.36
1 Nov 2022
3.13
1 Oct 2022
2.72
1 Sep 2022
0.68
1 Aug 2022
0.97
1 Jul 2022
1.35
1 Jun 2022
1.42
1 May 2022
1.26
1 Apr 2022
1.02
1 Mar 2022
1.20
1 Feb 2022
1.97
1 Jan 2022
1.74
1 Dec 2021
2.26
1 Nov 2021
1.97
1 Oct 2021
1.91
1 Sep 2021
1.33
1 Aug 2021
1.72
1 Jul 2021
2.36
1 Jun 2021
2.38
1 May 2021
2.35
1 Apr 2021
2.58
1 Mar 2021
2.54
1 Feb 2021
3.06
1 Jan 2021
3.00
1 Dec 2020
2.88
1 Nov 2020
3.03
1 Oct 2020
2.96
1 Sep 2020
4.11
1 Aug 2020
3.92
1 Jul 2020
3.38
1 Jun 2020
3.37
1 May 2020
2.41
1 Apr 2020
2.51
Download
About
Source: AMR module of Second Generation Surveillance System (SGSS). SGSS is a live reporting database, and therefore data is subject to change.
Note 1: The chart shows a three-month rolling average, so the data shown for one month is the average across that month and the previous two months.
Note 2: Interpreting national antibiotic resistance surveillance trends spanning European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical breakpoint transition periods requires additional consideration to avoid misinterpretation of data.
The ESPAUR report includes national data on antimicrobial prescribing and resistance, antimicrobial stewardship implementation, and awareness activities.